Tóm tắt:
Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu này phân tích tác động của chính sách tài chính và chính sách tiền tệ hướng đến mục tiêu tăng trưởng xanh tại 45 quốc gia châu Á trong giai đoạn 1995–2024.
Thiết kế nghiên cứu/phương pháp/tiếp cận: Bài viết sử dụng mô hình hồi quy Bayesian với thuật toán Metropolis–Hastings và các kiểm tra hội tụ Markov Monte Carlo (MCMC).
Kết quả nghiên cứu chính: Kết quả cho thấy trong nhóm tài khóa, chi tiêu công xanh (EEP) và cân đối tài khóa (FBAL) nằm ở vùng giá trị âm, phản ánh xu hướng làm suy giảm tăng trưởng xanh (GGDP). Ngược lại, thuế môi trường (ETAX) và nợ công (GGG) có mối liên hệ cùng chiều với GGDP. Việc đầu tư công vào năng lượng tái tạo (MRE) có tác động trung tính. Ở nhóm chính sách tiền tệ, lãi suất điều hành (RATE) có khoảng tin cậy âm, cho thấy chi phí vốn cao gắn với mức GGDP thấp hơn, trong khi phát triển tài chính (FD) có hệ số dương lớn thể hiện vai trò kênh truyền dẫn mạnh nhất thúc đẩy GGDP; tín dụng khu vực tư nhân (DCRE) cho kết quả trung tính. Ngoài ra, phát thải CO2 và chi tiêu R&D có tác động đến GGDP thấp hơn, trong khi lạm phát có mối liên hệ dương với GGDP; độ mở thương mại cho kết quả trung tính.
Giá trị đóng góp mới: Bên cạnh việc làm rõ cơ chế tác động của các chính sách vĩ mô đến tăng trưởng xanh trong khu vực, kết quả nghiên cứu cung cấp cơ sở tham khảo hữu ích cho các nhà hoạch định chính sách trong việc thiết kế phối hợp chính sách tài khóa – tiền tệ, qua đó thúc đẩy tăng trưởng bền vững trong bối cảnh áp lực môi trường ngày càng gia tăng.
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Abstract:
Purpose: This study analyzes the impact of fiscal and monetary policies on green growth across 45 Asian countries over the period 1995 - 2024.
Design/methodology/approach: The analysis employs a Bayesian regression framework using the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm together with standard MCMC convergence diagnostics.
Findings: The results show that within the fiscal policy group, green public expenditure (EEP) and fiscal balance (FBAL) fall within the negative region of the posterior distribution, indicating a tendency to reduce GGDP. In contrast, environmental taxes (ETAX) and public debt (GGG) exhibit positive associations with GGDP. Public investment in renewable energy (MRE) demonstrates a neutral effect. For monetary policy variables, the policy interest rate (RATE) has a posterior interval entirely below zero, suggesting that higher capital costs are associated with lower GGDP, whereas financial development (FD) yields a large positive coefficient, representing the strongest transmission channel supporting GGDP. Private-sector credit (DCRE) shows a neutral effect. In addition, CO2 emissions and R&D expenditure are associated with lower GGDP, while inflation displays a positive relationship with GGDP; trade openness yields neutral results.
Originality/value: Beyond elucidating the mechanisms through which macroeconomic policies affect green growth in the region, the findings provide useful references for policymakers in designing coordinated fiscal–monetary policy frameworks, thereby promoting sustainable growth in the context of mounting environmental pressures.