Số 232 | Tháng 7/2025
Chi tiêu chính phủ cho giáo dục và xuất khẩu công nghệ cao: Bằng chứng thực nghiệm tại châu Á - Thái Bình Dương
Trần Văn Tuấn, Phạm Quốc Việt, Lê Vũ Hội, Đoàn Ngân Hà
Tóm tắt:
Nghiên cứu này mở rộng định hướng tiếp cận về 17 mục tiêu Phát triển Bền vững của Liên Hợp Quốc bằng cách kiểm tra số liệu giáo dục đại học (SET) có điều tiết mối quan hệ giữa chi tiêu của chính phủ cho giáo dục (CTCP) và xuất khẩu công nghệ cao (XKCNC) hay không. Nhóm tác giả áp dụng phương pháp Moment tổng quát (GMM) để phân tích dữ liệu bảng của 36 quốc gia khu vực châu Á - Thái Bình Dương trong giai đoạn 2009–2021. Phương pháp GMM giúp giảm thiểu các vấn đề như tự tương quan, phương sai thay đổi và nội sinh trong ước lượng dữ liệu bảng. Kết quả thực nghiệm cho thấy tỷ lệ nam giới tham gia SET cao hơn thúc đẩy XKCNC. Tuy nhiên, nghiên cứu cũng phát hiện rằng CTCP cao hơn lại có tác động ngược chiều đến XKCNC. Ngoài ra, kết quả cho thấy SET đóng vai trò điều tiết mối quan hệ giữa chi tiêu chính phủ và XKCNC. Phát hiện này ủng hộ các lý thuyết về vốn nhân lực, đổi mới sáng tạo và phân bổ nguồn lực không hiệu quả trong tài liệu trước đây. Cuối cùng, nghiên cứu đóng góp các khuyến nghị chính sách thực tiễn nhằm nâng cao XKCNC bền vững tại các quốc gia Châu Á - Thái Bình Dương thông qua phát triển vốn nhân lực và tối ưu hóa chi tiêu giáo dục của chính phủ.
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Government Education Expenditure and High-Tech Exports: Empirical Evidence from Asia-Pacific Region
Abstract:
This study advances the research agenda on the United Nations' 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by examining whether higher education moderates the relationship between government expenditure on education and high-tech exports. We employ the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach to analyze panel data from 36 countries in the Asia-Pacific region over the period 2009–2021. The GMM method helps address common issues in panel data estimation such as autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity, and endogeneity. Empirical results reveal that a higher proportion of male participation in higher education positively contributes to high-tech exports. However, the study also finds that increased government expenditure on education has a negative effect on high-tech exports. Furthermore, the findings indicate that higher education plays a moderating role in the relationship between government expenditure on education and high-tech exports. These results support the theoretical foundations of human capital, innovation, and inefficient resource allocation documented in prior literature. Finally, the study provides practical policy recommendations aimed at promoting sustainable growth in high-tech exports in Asia-Pacific countries through the development of human capital and the optimization of government education spending.