Số 228 | Tháng 3/2025
Xây dựng và đo lường chỉ số tài chính toàn diện tại các quốc gia đang phát triển
Nguyễn Đức Hiền, Nguyễn Thế Bính, Vương Thị Hương Giang
Tóm tắt:
Nghiên cứu này xây dựng Chỉ số tài chính toàn diện (FII) như một công cụ đo lường mức độ tiếp cận tài chính tại 28 quốc gia đang phát triển thuộc khu vực châu Phi, châu Mỹ Latin và vùng Caribbean, cùng châu Á và Thái Bình Dương trong giai đoạn 2008–2022. Dựa trên phương pháp phân tích thành phần chính (PCA) hai giai đoạn của Cámara & Tuesta (2014), nghiên cứu đề xuất mở rộng khung đo lường bằng cách tích hợp nhân tố bảo hiểm vào ba khía cạnh của tài chính toàn diện: sự thâm nhập, tính sẵn có và tình trạng sử dụng dịch vụ tài chính. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy sự phù hợp của việc bổ sung nhân tố bảo hiểm, giúp đánh giá toàn diện hơn về khả năng tiếp cận tài chính tại các quốc gia đang phát triển. Thông qua hệ thống các phép kiểm định trước và sau PCA, nghiên cứu đảm bảo tính tin cậy và hiệu quả của công cụ đo lường được phát triển. Kết quả ước tính FII cho thấy tình hình phát triển tài chính toàn diện, những khía cạnh đã đạt được và những khía cạnh cần phải cải thiện tại các quốc gia nghiên cứu. Trên cơ sở đó, bài viết đề xuất các hàm ý chính sách nhằm nâng cao FII tại các nền kinh tế đang phát triển hiện nay.
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Constructing and Measuring the Financial Inclusion Index in Developing Countries
Abstract:
This study developed the Financial Inclusion Index (FII) as a measurement tool for assessing financial access across 28 developing countries in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia and the Pacific region during the period 2008-2022. Based on the two-stage Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methodology proposed by Cámara & Tuesta (2014), the research extends the measurement framework by incorporating insurance factors into three dimensions of financial inclusion: penetration, availability, and usage of financial services. The analytical results demonstrate the appropriateness of including insurance factors, enabling a more comprehensive evaluation of financial access in developing economies. Through a system of pre- and post-PCA tests, the study ensures the reliability and effectiveness of the developed measurement tool. The FII estimation results reveal the development of financial inclusion, highlighting both achieved aspects and areas requiring improvement in the studied countries. Based on these findings, the paper proposes policy implications aimed at enhancing the FII in contemporary developing economies.