Tóm tắt:
Bài viết này nhằm mục đích đánh giá tác động của các hoạt động sáp nhập và hợp nhất đến rủi ro phá sản và hiệu quả hoạt động (HQHĐ) của các ngân hàng thương mại (NHTM) Việt Nam giai đoạn 2007–2019. Tác giả sử dụng mô hình khác biệt kép (differrence in difference model) để phân tích dữ liệu của 24 NHTM Việt Nam. Bằng chứng cho thấy do việc triển khai BASEL II từ tháng 02/2016 nên các tác động của hoạt động hợp nhất chỉ thể hiện rõ trong giai đoạn 2007–2015. Cụ thể, sau giao dịch hợp nhất, rủi ro phá sản của các ngân hàng can thiệp được cải thiện rõ rệt trong khi chỉ số HQHĐ không có thay đổi đáng kể. Kết quả này cho thấy Việt Nam khá thành công trong việc sử dụng các hoạt động sáp nhập để giảm rủi ro ngân hàng. Kinh nghiệm sử dụng các ngân hàng cổ phần nhà nước của Việt Nam để giảm rủi ro có thể là bài học cho các quốc gia đang phát triển khác, nơi mà nguồn lực dành cho cải thiện rủi ro ngân hàng còn hạn chế.
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Abstract:
This study investigates the impact of mergers and consolidations on bank risk-taking and operational efficiency in Vietnamese commercial banks from 2007 to 2019. Using a difference-in-differences model, we analyze data from 24 banks. Our findings reveal that the effects of consolidation were most pronounced before the implementation of Basel II in February 2016, particularly during the 2007–2015 period. Post-merger, acquiring banks exhibit significantly reduced risk-taking, while operational efficiency remains largely unchanged. These results suggest that Vietnam has effectively leveraged mergers to enhance banking stability. The country’s approach, particularly the role of state-owned joint-stock banks in restructuring, provides valuable insights for other developing economies with limited resources for banking sector reforms.