Tóm tắt:
Nghiên cứu này phân tích tác động của thanh khoản cổ phiếu (TKCP) đến tỷ lệ nợ của 302 doanh nghiệp niêm yết (DNNY) trên thị trường chứng khoán Việt Nam trong giai đoạn 2013–2023. Kết quả cho thấy khi TKCP tăng dẫn đến xu hướng giảm tỷ lệ nợ vay. Nghiên cứu cũng chỉ ra rằng tác động này phụ thuộc vào các yếu tố như quy mô doanh nghiệp, khả năng sinh lời và tốc độ tăng trưởng. Cụ thể, các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa, công ty có lợi nhuận thấp và tăng trưởng chậm chịu ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ từ TKCP. Ngược lại, những doanh nghiệp lớn, có lợi nhuận cao và tăng trưởng mạnh ít bị tác động. Từ những kết quả này, nghiên cứu đề xuất cải thiện môi trường tài chính thông qua việc áp dụng chuẩn mực kế toán quốc tế, tăng cường minh bạch thông tin và hỗ trợ doanh nghiệp có thanh khoản thấp. Các nhà quản lý cần chú trọng nâng cao TKCP để tối ưu hóa cơ cấu vốn và giảm chi phí tài chính, đồng thời nhà đầu tư có thể dựa vào TKCP để đánh giá sức khỏe tài chính của doanh nghiệp.
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Abstract:
This study investigates the impact of stock liquidity on the leverage ratio of 302 publicly listed firms on the Vietnamese stock market over the period 2013–2023. The findings reveal a negative relationship between stock liquidity and corporate debt levels, indicating that higher stock liquidity is associated with a reduction in leverage. Furthermore, the study shows that this effect is contingent upon firm-specific characteristics such as firm size, profitability, and growth rate. In particular, small- and medium-sized enterprises, low-profitability firms, and slow-growing firms are more significantly affected by stock liquidity, whereas large, highly profitable, and rapidly growing firms exhibit a weaker response. Based on these results, the study recommends enhancing the financial environment by adopting international accounting standards, promoting information transparency, and providing support to firms with low stock liquidity. Corporate managers are advised to improve stock liquidity as a means of optimizing capital structure and reducing financial costs. Investors, meanwhile, may consider stock liquidity as a useful indicator of a firm's financial health.