Tóm tắt:
Bài viết này phân tích tác động của việc thay đổi cơ cấu sở hữu đến hiệu suất hoạt động và mức độ rủi ro của các ngân hàng tại Việt Nam giai đoạn 2010–2021. Sử dụng bộ dữ liệu thứ cấp từ báo cáo tài chính của 28 ngân hàng Việt Nam và phương pháp hồi quy tuyến tính OLS, nghiên cứu xem xét tác động của thay đổi quyền sở hữu đến hiệu suất hoạt động và mức độ rủi ro của các ngân hàng Việt Nam. Theo kết quả nghiên cứu, các ngân hàng có vốn nhà nước hoạt động tốt hơn các ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần tư nhân về hiệu suất nhưng có mức độ rủi ro cao hơn. Ngược lại, các ngân hàng không có sở hữu nước ngoài trong hội đồng quản trị và chưa niêm yết công khai thường có hiệu suất kém hơn. Tuy nhiên, mức độ rủi ro của ngân hàng tăng trước thời điểm có sở hữu nước ngoài, trong khi niêm yết công khai sau nhiều năm lại giúp giảm mức độ rủi ro. Dựa vào các kết quả trên, nghiên cứu đưa ra những hàm ý liên quan nhằm duy trì các quy định pháp lý nhất quán, thúc đẩy việc niêm yết công khai và tăng tỷ lệ sở hữu nước ngoài trong cơ cấu sở hữu ngân hàng.
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Abstract:
This study examines the impact of ownership changes on bank performance and risk exposure in Vietnamese banks during the period 2010–2021. Using secondary data from the financial statements of 28 Vietnamese banks, we employ Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression to analyze how changes in ownership affect bank performance and risk. The results reveal that state-owned banks generally outperform privately owned joint-stock commercial banks in terms of performance but exhibit higher levels of risk. Conversely, banks without foreign ownership or public listing tend to underperform. Furthermore, while foreign ownership is associated with increased risk in the short term, public listing contributes to reduced risk exposure over time. These findings offer practical implications for enhancing legal frameworks, encouraging public listings, and promoting foreign ownership to improve the ownership structure and performance of Vietnamese banks.